Teaching in Houston – Last updated July 15, 2020
Following his graduation from the AIC, Harper accepted a position as a drawing and writing instructor with the Houston public schools in Houston, Texas, where he taught for two years..[1] At this time, the schools in Houston were divided into white schools and “Colored Schools”. The Superintendent of the Independent School District of Houston, W.W. Barnett, had actively encouraged the school board to hire a drawing instructor for the “Colored Schools”, writing in the section of the 1900-1901 Annual Report of the Superintendent entitled “The Colored Schools”, that
“During the coming year I hope the Board will be able to secure the services of a thoroughly trained teacher of drawing and writing.”[2]
On September 4, 1901, the Houston Daily Post announced the appointment of Harper to such position as that drawing and writing instructor for the “Colored Schools”. As noted in the previous chapter, Harper was not the first AIC graduate to work for the Houston public schools. When Harper arrived in Houston, he joined Blanche Williams who was already the “directress” for drawing in the white public schools. Williams had graduated from the AIC the year before Harper, and she and Harper had shared at least one class at the AIC.[3]
The Houston City Directory for the years 1902-1903 listed Harper as “Harper, William (c), director of drawing and writing Houston (c) public school, bds 302 [?] Andrews”.[4] The designation “(c)” depicted race, and “bds” presumably meaning Harper was a boarder at the referenced address. Records are not available from the individual “Colored Schools” of those years, but it appears that Harper served as the drawing and writing instructor for all of such Houston schools.
One article appearing in the Houston Post in 1901 entitled “Colored School Work – Teachers Held a Grade Meeting Friday Afternoon”[5] described the “regular monthly grade meeting” of the “colored teachers in the intermediate department of the city schools”. Teachers for the fourth through seventh grades were present, including “Willliam H.[sic] Harper, instructor in writing and drawing”. The order of business included the election of the “conductor of the grade work for the present scholastic year” and the “comparison of progress cards for the scholastic month ending October ll.”
Harper was clearly well received and well liked. The Houston Post reported that at the July 1902 School Board meeting, the Superintendent of the school system read his report, and an
“important item of the superintendent’s report was the recommendation that the salary of William Harper, a negro teacher, be raised to $75 the month. Prof. Barnett spoke of Harper’s abilities in the highest terms”.[6]
It may be at this time that Harper’s title went from “instructor” to “director”.
In fact, Harper so impressed Superintendent/Professor Barnett that he took the time to write a letter to the Director of the AIC, W.M.R. French, praising Harper’s work.[7] Barnett’s letter has not survived, but on August 28, 1902, French wrote to Harper,
“I have received a letter from Prof. Barnett expressing his satisfaction with your work. I am highly pleased to hear of your success. It was, however, a matter of course with your attainments and habits. I think you are in a way of doing a great deal of good both professionally and socially. We hope you may some day pay us a visit.”
French then went on to discuss the latest happenings at the AIC. Given the number of students who passed through the AIC, a letter of this nature from the Director is an impressive indication of the esteem with which Harper was held by the AIC, and the Director in particular.
The annual Superintendent’s Reports list the salaries of teachers, including the “Special Teachers”. For a salary comparison, Blanche Williams annual salary was $540 during the 1900-1901 school year[8]. During the 1903-1904 school year, her annual salary was $900.[9] Unfortunately, the Superintendent’s Report for the 1901-1902 and the 1902-1903 school years, those years when Harper was teaching in Houston, are missing.
Although certainly engaged with classes while teaching in Houston, Harper was nevertheless artistically busy during that time period. In early 1902, he had three paintings accepted in the annual juried Exhibition of Works by Chicago Artists, an exhibition jointly managed by the AIC and the Municipal Art League of Chicago. The catalogue listing was as follows:
Harper, William A. – Care Wm. Wendt, 224 East Ontario Street, Chicago[10]
93. The lake in the hills
94. The green of summer
95. First sign of autumn
It is interesting to note that in this catalogue, Harper’s address for the purposes of the exhibition is listed as care of one of his mentors, William Wendt. 269 paintings from a submission of 629 were selected by the jury for the exhibition, including paintings by Charles Francis Browne and William Wendt.
An article in the Brush and Pencil, Vol. 9, No. 6 (Mar, 1902), an international art magazine published in Chicago, reproduced Harper’s painting entitled “First Show [sic] of Autumn”, a rare and certainly gratifying honor for a young painter. The magazine reviewed the exhibition and noted that:
“Warm praise should be awarded… to William A. Harper for his ‘First Sign of Autumn’ and ‘The Lake in the Hills’, both of which are pleasing landscapes, replete with sentiment….”[11]
In early 1903, Harper again had two paintings granted entrance to the annual Chicago exhibition. The catalogue listing was as follows:
Harper, William A. – 817 San Felipe Street, Houston, Texas
90. Eucalyptus $100
91. The old mulberry $100
239 paintings from a submission of 679 were selected by the jury for the exhibition, including paintings by Charles Francis Browne and Worthington E. Haggerman.. Haggerman would in 1903 study at the Academie Julian in Paris with Harper. The catalogue for that exhibition noted that William Wendt had been elected as a member of the jury, but was unable to serve as he was out of the country. He was in fact painting in Cornwall where Harper would join him in in the summer of 1903.
Lorado Taft, an instructor at the AIC and one of the founders of the Eagle’s Nest, stayed in touch with Harper during his time in Houston, and was invited to lecture in Houston by the Houston Art League in October of 1902.[12] Twenty-five years later Taft would provide a poignant account of his visit to Houston in a letter to the Chicago Tribune:
“Will Harper was in his time the pride of the Art Institute. This earnest student, who was obliged to work his way through the school, continually surprised us by the large simplicity of his compositions and the somber richness of his coloring. Mr. Harper became a superintendent of drawing in the public schools of an important city of the south. Never shall I forget an evening when I found myself lecturing there. The great hall was filled below with the beauty and chivalry of the place, while in the dimness of the gallery sat one lone, dark figure – my friend Harper. The colored teachers had obtained permission to attend, but through some misunderstanding were represented by him alone. It was a strange feeling that this social exile was perhaps the only one in my audience who completely understood what I was trying to say.”[13]
No further information is available
about Harper’s time in Houston. It is
unclear whether he spent the summer between the 1901 and 1902 school years in
Houston, but given the oppressive heat of the Houston summers before the advent
of air conditioning, it is more than likely that he either joined his father
and brother in Decatur, Illinois, or joined Lorado Taft and his fellow artists to
work again at the Eagle’s Nest. After
the end of the 1902-1903 school year, Harper left Houston for Europe – the
ultimate destination for all aspiring artist of the time.
[1] Obituary, Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago, Vol. 4, July 1910, p. 11.
[2]Annual Report of the Public Schools of the Independent School District of Houston 1900-1901., p. 51.
[3] Ibid, p. 35.
[4] Houston City Directory 1902 – 03, p. 118.
[5] “Colored School Work. Teachers Held a Grade Meeting Friday Afternoon; Houston Post (Houston, Texas), October 20, 1901, p. 12.
[6] “School Board Meeting”, Houston Post (Houston, Texas), July 30, 1902.
[7] Letter from W.M.R. French to Wm. Harper dated August 28, 1902, advising of the favorable report.
[8] Annual Report of the Public Schools of the Independent School District of Houston 1900-1901.
[9] Annual Report of the Public Schools of the Independent School District of Houston 1903-1904.
[10] This address appears to be that of the “Holbein Studios” and was also used by other artists. See, e.g. the catalogue of the Exhibition of Chicago Artists held at the AIC February 4 to March 1, 1908, listings for Cora Freer and Frederick Freer. No further information has been found, however, about such studio.
[11] “Works of Chicago Artists” by Arthur Anderson Merritt in Brush and Pencil, Vol. 9, No 6 (March 1902), pp 336-346.
[12] Report on meeting of the advisory board of the City Federation, Houston Post, May 18, 1902, p. 33.
[13] Letter from Lorado Taft entitled “The Work of Negro Artists”, Chicago Tribune, November 17, 1927, p. 10.